Retinal hemorrhages can occur in a variety of disorders, ranging from ocular conditions such as acute posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), optic disc drusen and vascular occlusive retinal disorders (e.g. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion) to systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, leukemia and lupus. These hemorrhages can also present in non-glaucomatous optic atrophy.
In glaucomatous individuals, these so-called DRANCE HEMORRHAGES, signify focal optic disc damage and visual field loss.
The Asia Pacific Glaucoma Guidelines mentions that compared to a single episode of disc hemorrhage, recurrent hemorrhages increase the risk of optic nerve damage by 3-4 times.
In individuals with ocular hypertension (OHT), the appearance of disc hemorrhages increases the risk of conversion to open angle glaucoma by 6 times (by univariate analysis) and by 4 times (by multivariate analysis).
Recently, we have published an article on retinal hemorrhages. The article takes a broad view of such hemorrhages seen in clinical practice.
The link to the article is available here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560777/
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