Synthetic, nanofiber-based GDIs with partially degradable inner cores have been evaluated in a study to assess the effect of surface topography on implant performance.
It was observed in vitro that nanofiber
surfaces supported fibroblast integration and quiescence, even in the presence
of pro-fibrotic signals, compared to smooth surfaces.
GDIs with a nanofiber architecture were
biocompatible, prevented hypotony, and provided a volumetric aqueous outflow
comparable to commercially available GDIs.
The authors were of the opinion that that
the physical cues provided by the surface of the nanofiber-based GDIs mimic
healthy extracellular matrix structure, reducing fibroblast activation and
potentially extending functional GDI lifespan. These tubes were also found to minimize
conjunctival fibrosis-related gene expression.
Nanofiber-based stents were found to retain
architecture and promote cell integration in vivo. This is in comparison to
commercially available implants which were found to activate fibrosis within 1-2
months after implantation, in experimental models.
The nanofiber implants were found to reduce
subconjunctival fibrosis. Masson's trichrome staining of tissue surrounding
smooth GDIs revealed abundant collagen deposition with a capsular thickness of
610 ± 161 μm, whereas the subconjunctival space
surrounding the 9 mm Nano GDIs was edematous with a capsule
thickness of 79 ± 45 μm (p = 0.0004). this was also confirmed
with quantitative analysis of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) from αSMA stained IF images which showed that the
smooth GDI increased fibroblast activation compared to the Nano GDI.
 |
| Comparison of nano-tubes, Baerveldt implant and Xen implant |
Experimentally cultured fibroblasts on
nanofibers were found to have increased levels of IL-33, MMP-10, IL-6, and
COL6A6 transcripts which have been associated with successful, non-fibrotic
outcomes. Additionally, nanofibers significantly attenuated the expression of
the pro-fibrotic marker MYOCD28, 29 under both stimulated and unstimulated
conditions.
https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/btm2.10487
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